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Called the Guano Island Act of 1856, this act gave US citizens the right to claim any island rich with guano (accumulated seabird and bat excrement), provided that the island was not already part of another country or under the jurisdiction of another country. The reason for this act was that starting in the 1840s, guano became a very highly prized fertilizer, to the point that the US was importing around 760,000 metric tons of it yearly. It was also used to make gunpowder. The US gained over 100 islands through this act, though most claims have been withdrawn since. There remain 10 islands still considered part of the US gained through this act, with the last claim being made in 1997. However, some of these claims are disputed with other countries.