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Pencil and pen seem like two words that are closely related, because of the similar meaning and sound. However, they derive from completely different roots. Pen traces back to the Latin root penna, meaning feather. Pencil goes back to the Latin root penicillum, which meant little tail or little brush. Early pencils were actually what we’d consider brushes in English, though to this day some languages use words similar to pencil for brushes. This also means that the word penicillin is related to pencil. It was named such because the bacteria in the mold that produces penicillin is thought to look like a brush.